Some examples of monoecious species are corn, squash, banana, and many conifers, particularly those of the genus Pinus.
In contrast, dioecious species have distinctive male and female plants. However, several commercial plant species are monoecious, which means that a given genotype will bear both male and female flowers. In most cases it is easy to assign the sex of a given individual. In many plant breeding programs, a parent is considered in several crosses. These BLUPs, which are the general combining ability (GCA), or 1/2 of the breeding value (BV, with BV = 2 ×× GCA) of each parent, are then used to select the best parents for future crosses or operational deployment. The progeny are later evaluated in a field experiment, and this information is used to assess the genetic worth of the parents by fitting parental linear mixed models (LMMs) and obtaining best linear unbiased predictions (BLUPs). To avoid this, you can use shapes 21-25 and specify a white fill.Most breeding programs plan several controlled crosses between outstanding parents to detect favorable alleles in their offspring. Note, however, that the lines will visible inside the shape.
If you want to use hollow shapes, without manually declaring each shape, you can use scale_shape(solid=FALSE). Scale_linetype_manual ( values = c ( "dotdash", "dotted" )) # Change linetypesīy default, ggplot2 uses solid shapes. Scale_shape_manual ( values = c ( 6, 5 )) + # Change shapes # Same as previous, but also change the specific linetypes and
Geom_point ( aes ( shape = cond ), # Shape depends on cond Ggplot ( df, aes ( x = xval, y = yval, group = cond )) + geom_line ( aes ( linetype = cond ), # Line type depends on cond # Condition shapes and line type on variable cond Geom_point ( shape = 0, # Hollow squares Ggplot ( df, aes ( x = xval, y = yval, group = cond )) + geom_line ( linetype = "dashed", # Dashed line Ggplot ( df, aes ( x = xval, y = yval, group = cond )) + geom_line () + geom_point () # Set overall shapes and line type # group = cond tells it which points to connect with lines ' ) library ( ggplot2 ) # Plot with standard lines and points
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